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Physical Science · Energy Transfer

Thermal Energy Transfer: Temperature, Mass & Materials

Plan fair thermal-energy investigations, analyze temperature-change data, and use particle models to explain patterns involving mass and material type.

Teacher workspace

Start with the lesson plan.

55 min~12 min prep8 materialsNGSS Middle School (Grades 6–8) Alignment · MS-PS3-4

Plan with confidence

Lesson overview

What students will learn

  • Plan a fair thermal-energy investigation by identifying one changed variable, the measured outcome, and important controlled conditions.
  • Use temperature-change data to identify patterns involving sample mass or material type.

Key science ideas

  • Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of particles in a sample; it is not the same thing as the sample's total thermal energy.
  • When the same material receives the same controlled energy input, samples with different masses can show different temperature changes.
  • Equal-mass samples of different materials can show different temperature changes under matched conditions.

Lesson at a glance

  • Grade 6
  • 55 min
  • ~12 min prep
  • MS-PS3-4
  • 8 materials

What’s included

  • Lesson Plan
  • Investigation
  • Teacher Slides
  • Printable Worksheet
  • Teacher Answer Key
  • Interactive Activity
  • Vocabulary